In 1791, Catherine the Great, Czarina of Russia created a zone of residence - some called it a zone of containment for the Jews.
This territory comprised more than 38,000 square miles (more than 1 million square kilometres), west of Russia stretching between the Baltic and Black Seas. The Jews called it "the Pale," and most were restricted to this area until after the Russian Revelolution of 1917.
This region, east of Berlin and west of Moscow, was disputed territory for many years and included lands that today are known as Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belorussia, and Ukraine. But names of countries hardly mattered to the Jews.
ONE COULD BE BORN IN CZARIST RUSSIA, THEN LIVE IN GERMAN TERRITORY, BECOME A POLISH CITIZEN , THEN BECOME LITHUANIAN, MOVE BACK TO GERMAN CONTROL, AND FINALLY BECOME A CITIZEN OF A SOVIET REPUBLIC - AND NEVER LEAVE THE HOUSE WHERE YOU WERE BORN!
It was home to nearly all the world's Jews - in 1880 around 4 million Jews lived in the Pale, out of a world population of 7.7 million (another 2 million Jews lived outside the Pale but in Eastern Europe).
They lived in "nameless" Shtetls (small villages) such as Jagielnica, Kaisiadorys and Trakai, as well as Dorphs (larger towns) like Zasliai, Landau and Brody, and cities such as Lodz, Warsaw, Minsk, Bialystok, Vilna and Lvov. They shared a rich culture and a relgion, and a language - Yiddish....
From the book, 'Jewish Americans' by Robert Stein, published by Barrons/ Ivy Press Ltd, 2002.
http://rights.ivypress.co.uk/resource/?pid=1755
